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Numbers, Date and Time

Days, Months, and Seasons

Wochentage, Monate, and Jahreszeiten — calendar vocabulary

German days and months are closely related to English equivalents — many share the same roots. Days of the week are all masculine (der Montag, der Dienstag...) and months are also all masculine (der Januar, der Februar...). Seasons are all masculine too: der Frühling, der Sommer, der Herbst, der Winter. This consistency makes them easier to use.

1

Days of the week are all masculine (der) and capitalized

der Montag, der Dienstag, der Mittwoch, der Donnerstag, der Freitag, der Samstag (or: der Sonnabend in northern Germany), der Sonntag. In a sentence: Am Montag gehe ich einkaufen. (On Monday I go shopping.)

2

Use 'am' before days of the week

'Am' (= an + dem) is used with days: Am Montag, am Dienstag, am Wochenende (on the weekend). Never 'an Montag' or 'auf Montag'.

3

Months are all masculine and capitalized

der Januar, der Februar, der März, etc. Use 'im' (= in + dem) for months: im Januar, im Sommer (in January, in summer).

4

Seasons are also all masculine — use 'im'

der Frühling (spring), der Sommer (summer), der Herbst (autumn), der Winter. Im Frühling blühen die Blumen. (In spring the flowers bloom.) Im Winter ist es kalt. (In winter it is cold.)

5

Saying the date: ordinal numbers + Month

Today is... = Heute ist der + ordinal number + month. Der erste Januar (1st January), der zweite März (2nd March), der dritte April (3rd April), der vierte Mai... The first three ordinals are irregular (erst-, zweit-, dritt-), the rest add -t: viert-, fünft-, sechst-...

German English Short Form Name Origin
der MontagMondayMoMond (moon) + Tag (day)
der DienstagTuesdayDiThing (assembly) + Tag
der MittwochWednesdayMiMitte der Woche (mid-week)
der DonnerstagThursdayDoDonner (thunder) + Tag
der FreitagFridayFrFreia (goddess) + Tag
der SamstagSaturdaySaSabbat + Tag
der SonntagSundaySoSonne (sun) + Tag
German English German English
JanuarJanuaryJuliJuly
FebruarFebruaryAugustAugust
MärzMarchSeptemberSeptember
AprilAprilOktoberOctober
MaiMayNovemberNovember
JuniJuneDezemberDecember
Season German Typical Phrase
Springder FrühlingIm Frühling ist es warm.
Summerder SommerIm Sommer fahre ich ans Meer.
Autumnder HerbstIm Herbst fallen die Blätter.
Winterder WinterIm Winter schneit es oft.

Heute ist Mittwoch, der fünfte März.

Today is Wednesday, the fifth of March.

Ordinal: fünft- (5th) + March

Am Freitag haben wir keine Schule.

On Friday we have no school.

'Am' + day of the week

Ich bin im Juli geboren.

I was born in July.

'Im' + month

Im Winter trage ich eine Jacke.

In winter I wear a jacket.

'Im' + season

Wann hast du Geburtstag? — Am dritten Oktober.

When is your birthday? — On the third of October.

Ordinal 'dritten' in dative after 'am'

  • Notice that most German months are nearly identical to English: Januar, Februar, März (March!), April, Mai, Juni, Juli, August, September, Oktober, November, Dezember.
  • 'Am' for days, 'im' for months and seasons — this distinction is important: am Montag (on Monday) vs. im Januar (in January).
  • Remember: Mittwoch (Wednesday) literally means 'mid-week' — it breaks the pattern of the other days which are named after planets/gods.
  • The German week often starts on Monday (Montag), not Sunday. German calendars show Monday as the first column.
  • Using 'in' instead of 'am' for days: ✗ In Montag → ✓ Am Montag.
  • Using 'am' instead of 'im' for months: ✗ Am Juli → ✓ Im Juli.
  • Forgetting to capitalize days and months: ✗ am montag → ✓ am Montag (all nouns are capitalized in German).
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DE

Am Samstag schlafe ich lange.

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EN

Am Samstag schlafe ich lange.

On Saturday I sleep in.

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